Introduction to Signal Conditioners A signal conditioner is an electronic device that converts one type of electronic signal into another type of signal. Its primary purpose is to convert a signal that may be difficult to read by conventional instrumentation into a more easily read format. Signal conditioners can include […]

What is a PCB? A Printed Circuit Board, or PCB, is the backbone of modern electronic devices. It is a flat board made of insulating materials, such as fiberglass or composite epoxy, with conductive pathways etched or printed onto its surface. These pathways, known as traces, connect various electronic components, […]

What is an E-Test? An E-test, short for electrical test, is a comprehensive examination of an electrical system or device to assess its functionality, safety, and compliance with industry standards. It encompasses a wide range of tests and measurements designed to identify potential faults, measure electrical parameters, and ensure the […]

Introduction to Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) is a critical process in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs). It involves using specialized cameras and image processing software to automatically inspect PCBs for defects, ensuring the quality and reliability of the final product. AOI systems are designed […]

Overview of the Military Electronics Market Military electronics encompass a wide range of electronic systems and devices used in various military applications, such as communication systems, surveillance and reconnaissance equipment, electronic warfare systems, and navigation and guidance systems. These electronics play a crucial role in enhancing the operational capabilities and […]

What are Flex PCBs? Flex PCBs, also known as flexible circuits or flex circuits, are a type of printed circuit board that consists of a thin, flexible substrate made from materials such as polyimide or polyester. These substrates are laminated with conductive copper traces, allowing for electrical connectivity between various […]

Properties of Gold, Silver, and Copper Before delving into the specific advantages of gold in PCB fabrication, it is helpful to understand the key properties of gold, silver, and copper that are relevant to their use in electronic circuits. Property Gold Silver Copper Electrical Conductivity (S/m) 4.10 x 10^7 6.30 […]

Introduction to Rigid Flex PCBs Rigid flex PCBs are a specialized type of printed circuit board that combines the best features of rigid and flexible circuit boards. They consist of rigid PCB sections connected by flexible circuits, enabling 3D configurations not possible with conventional rigid boards. The flexible circuits are […]

Early Origins of PCBs in the 20th Century The origins of printed circuit boards (PCBs) can be traced back to the early 20th century. In 1903, German inventor Albert Hanson filed a patent for a “printed wire” that bore similarities to modern PCBs. However, it would be a few more […]

Overview of the PCB Market The global Printed Circuit Board (PCB) market has been experiencing steady growth in recent years, driven by the increasing demand for electronic devices across various industries. PCBs are essential components in electronic devices, providing mechanical support and electrical connectivity for electronic components. The market is […]